Year: 2013

Analisados hospitais de Braga, Vila Franca de Xira, Cascais e Loures.

GigaOM notes that (excerpting) “Gary Becker, a Nobel-prize winning professor at the University of Chicago, stated this week that the U.S. patent system is ”too broad, too loose, and too expensive” and called for the end of software patents: ‘Disputes over software patents are among the most common, expensive, and counterproductive. Their exclusion from the patent system would discourage some software innovations, but the saving from litigation costs over disputed patent rights would more than compensate the economy for that cost.'” Here are Becker’s comments, from the always-fun Becker-Posner Blog.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

GigaOM notes that (excerpting) “Gary Becker, a Nobel-prize winning professor at the University of Chicago, stated this week that the U.S. patent system is ”too broad, too loose, and too expensive” and called for the end of software patents: ‘Disputes over software patents are among the most common, expensive, and counterproductive. Their exclusion from the patent system would discourage some software innovations, but the saving from litigation costs over disputed patent rights would more than compensate the economy for that cost.'” Here are Becker’s comments, from the always-fun Becker-Posner Blog.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

So you want to use a work you think is in the public domain in your creative project.  Hang on; it might not be as simple as you think.

Works published before 1923 are in the public domain. This means these works are no longer protected by copyright and are free for use by anyone in any way. However, works between 1923 and 1964 fall into a grey area — they may be in the public domain depending on if their copyright was renewed 28 years from the date of the original copyright.

Figuring out if a work is renewed can be a tricky business. The only official records of renewal are held by the Copyright Office in Washington D.C. However, records before January 1, 1978 are not available online. The only way to gain access to these accurate and official records of copyright renewals is to either:

1. Go to the Copyright office in person, in Washington D.C. , and research their records using paper card catalogs OR;
2. Pay the copyright office $165 an hour to search the copyright records for the original copyright and the renewal notice.

In 2013, should we have to rely on paper card catalogs to help determine if a work is in the public domain? Moreover, is a work really public domain if it costs $165 an hour to know it’s in the public domain?

Of course, there is a much larger problem. Even a search by the copyright office stating that the work was not renewed isn’t definitive proof that the work you want to use is in the public domain. It’s entirely possible that the work you want to use is actually a derivative work of a public domain work and still under copyright protection. For a great example of how complex this can get check out our video “Is the Wizard of Oz Copyright protected?”

The difficulty of assessing which works are in the public domain is a huge problem. Creativity cannot exist in a vacuum. When we can’t easily determine what works we can safely use and draw inspiration from, creativity is stifled and our critical First Amendment right to free speech is chilled. New Media Rights recognizes the complexity of the problem. However, a great first step would be the digitization of all copyright office records to make them accessible to the public without a plane ticket to D.C. or a $165 an hour surcharge.

Teri Karobonik is a staff attorney with New Media Rights. New Media Rights is a nonprofit program that provides legal services and advocacy for internet users and creators. This story is reposted with permission.

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So you want to use a work you think is in the public domain in your creative project.  Hang on; it might not be as simple as you think.

Works published before 1923 are in the public domain. This means these works are no longer protected by copyright and are free for use by anyone in any way. However, works between 1923 and 1964 fall into a grey area — they may be in the public domain depending on if their copyright was renewed 28 years from the date of the original copyright.

Figuring out if a work is renewed can be a tricky business. The only official records of renewal are held by the Copyright Office in Washington D.C. However, records before January 1, 1978 are not available online. The only way to gain access to these accurate and official records of copyright renewals is to either:

1. Go to the Copyright office in person, in Washington D.C. , and research their records using paper card catalogs OR;
2. Pay the copyright office $165 an hour to search the copyright records for the original copyright and the renewal notice.

In 2013, should we have to rely on paper card catalogs to help determine if a work is in the public domain? Moreover, is a work really public domain if it costs $165 an hour to know it’s in the public domain?

Of course, there is a much larger problem. Even a search by the copyright office stating that the work was not renewed isn’t definitive proof that the work you want to use is in the public domain. It’s entirely possible that the work you want to use is actually a derivative work of a public domain work and still under copyright protection. For a great example of how complex this can get check out our video “Is the Wizard of Oz Copyright protected?”

The difficulty of assessing which works are in the public domain is a huge problem. Creativity cannot exist in a vacuum. When we can’t easily determine what works we can safely use and draw inspiration from, creativity is stifled and our critical First Amendment right to free speech is chilled. New Media Rights recognizes the complexity of the problem. However, a great first step would be the digitization of all copyright office records to make them accessible to the public without a plane ticket to D.C. or a $165 an hour surcharge.

Teri Karobonik is a staff attorney with New Media Rights. New Media Rights is a nonprofit program that provides legal services and advocacy for internet users and creators. This story is reposted with permission.

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O próprio juiz e funcionários judiciais vão em breve destruir à tesourada milhares de peças apreendidas que estão armazenadas. “Confesso que mete dó”, diz o magistrado.

O próprio juiz e funcionários judiciais vão em breve destruir à tesourada milhares de peças apreendidas que estão armazenadas. “Confesso que mete dó”, diz o magistrado.

We didn’t pay as much attention to the new proposals in the EU to ratchet up penalties for “cybercrime” in part because they came out just about the same time that the NSA surveillance information started leaking. However, someone who shall remain anonymous passed along to us a “group briefing” document from the EU Parliament team that came up with the latest cybercrime directive, which highlights a bit of the approach and some of the problems. The document is actually from a year ago, but it’s definitely reflected in the final product. The entire focus of the document is on harsher penalties, even though there’s no evidence that such penalties do any good or act as a deterrent. And, while the document does note that protecting “white hat hackers” is important for achieving “cybersecurity,” apparently they had a lot of trouble agreeing on what to do to protect them:

As regards protecting “white hat hackers” as integral part of the internet’s immune system we managed to achieve a very weak recital (6a bis) compared to the initial LIBE orientation vote. It is made clear that reporting of threats, risks, and vulnerabilities is crucial and needs incentives. The crucial last sentence, however, is not clear enough and far away from creating obligations for member states… Therefore there is no serious protection for white hat hackers who find vulnerabilities in other peoples’ information systems and report them. we did howeveR start a debate at all and getting the whole EP united behind this.

[….] We managed to get a number of important safeguards in, and the fundamental debate on better IT security is opened. However the direct is in many ways worse than the old framework decision. Higher penalties and the criminalisation of more practices and even tools not only mainly symbolic, but even risks criminalising well-intended “white hat hackers” and curious teenagers. The problem was Council and a too weak negotiation strategy of the rapporteur at the very end.

From the details of the directive that came out, it appears that not many of these flaws have been fixed. Jan Philipp Albrecht, who was a part of the effort, clearly is not at all happy with how it came out:

But Albrecht attacked the directive, saying, “The legislation confirms the trend towards ever stronger criminal sanctions despite evidence, confirmed by Europol and IT security experts, that these sanctions have had no real effect in reducing malicious cyber attacks.

“Top cyber criminals will be able to hide their tracks, whilst criminal law and sanctions are a wholly ineffective way of dealing with cyber attacks from individuals in non-EU countries or with state-sponsored attacks.

“Significantly, the legislation fails to recognise the important role played by ‘white hat hackers’ in identifying weaknesses in the internet’s immune system, with a view to strengthening security.

This will result in cases against these individuals, who pose no real security threat and play an important role in strengthening the internet, whilst failing to properly deal with real cyber criminals.

“The result will leave hardware and software manufacturers wholly responsible for product defects and security threats, with no incentive to invest in safer systems.”

The equation here is pretty simple. Simply ratcheting up punishment does little to stop malicious hacking, as hackers rarely expect to get caught. So it does little to nothing to actually helping to stop online crime. What does help is having security researchers and others exposing and fixing vulnerabilities. But, if you create massive new penalties for “cybercrime” and make the rules amorphous enough that those security researchers may get charged under them for trying to help, you do create fewer incentives for them to actually help.

End result: more malicious hacking, and fewer people willing to actually help protect and fix vulnerabilities.

That’s not good for anyone. But, it fits with the technically clueless “law enforcement above all else” mentality we see too often in government these days, which seems to think that “great enforcement” and “greater punishment” is the answer to any wrong, no matter how much evidence suggests that’s untrue.

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